The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) acts like a sliding hinge. It connects the jawbone to the skull. There is one joint on each side of the jaw. The exact cause of TMJ disorder is often hard to determine. The pain may be due to a mix of factors, including habits such as teeth clenching/grinding (Bruxism), gum chewing, nail biting, stress, and painful conditions that occur along with TMJ disorder such as fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis or jaw injury. Most of the time, the pain and discomfort related to TMJ disorders lasts for only a limited time. Physical therapy for the jaw and the use of a mouth guard can be effective in treating symptoms of TMJ disorder. Surgery is usually a last resort after conservative measures have failed. But surgical treatments may help some people with TMJ disorders.

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Most Common Conditions:

• pain in the eye, jaw, face, or neck

• difficulty chewing or biting

• clicking or popping sounds when opening or closing the mouth

• limited jaw movement or locking

• headaches

• ear pain or tinnitus

• injury to the jaw or surrounding muscles

 

Causes

The temporomandibular joint combines a hinge action with sliding motions. The parts of the bones that work together in the joint are covered with cartilage and separated by a small shock-absorbing disk. This disk usually keeps the movement smooth. Painful TMJ disorders can happen if:

 

• The disk erodes or moves out of its proper relationship between the ball and socket of the joint

• Sprain or strain occurs in the ligaments or soft tissues associated with TMJ disorders

• Arthritis damages the joint's cartilage

• A blow or another impact damages the joint

• Jaw muscles are associated with TMJ spasms

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Treatment Options:

• physical exam

• imaging, such as x-rays, MRIs, or CT scans

• medications

• splints or night guards

• dental work

• physical therapy

• stress management techniques